TY - JOUR AU - Ilyinska, Antonina PY - 2021/11/29 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Structural Diversity of Trichomes and Pubescence of Brassicaceae Burnett of the Flora of Ukraine with an Emphasis on Ecology JF - Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality JA - – 1 –Agrobiodivers Improv Nutr Health Life Qua VL - 5 IS - 1 SE - Articles DO - UR - https://agrobiodiversity.uniag.sk/scientificpapers/article/view/341 SP - AB - <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 593.266px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08884);">Species of the Brassicaceae family (crucifers), which are of great scientific and practical importance, are inherent by </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 613.264px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08234);">a wide variety of trichome structures. Trichomes – specialized cells of the epidermis, modulate the response of plants </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 633.261px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12179);">to biotic and abiotic stresses. We investigated the structural diversity of trichomes and the features of pubescence </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 653.259px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09335);">of all (252 species, 73 genera) Brassicaceae species of the flora of Ukraine. Trichomes were studied on living plants </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 673.256px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11561);">and based on materials from seven herbaria, as well as on the basis of analysis of literature data. Stereoscopic and </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 693.254px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06735);">electronic scanning (JSM-6060 LA) microscopes were used in this investigation. To describe the structural diversity of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 713.251px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0821);">trichomes, an original four-level hierarchical classification was developed, taking into account a complex of features, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 733.249px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15012);">including functional specificity (covering or glandular), the nature and degree of hair branching, as well as the </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 753.246px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09976);">features of the orientation of their rays. The pubescence of plants was divided into isomorphic (consists of one type </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 773.244px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09769);">of trichomes) and heteromorphic (formed by two or more types of hairs with or without glandular structures). Hairs </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 793.241px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09988);">are completely absent in 23 species of 15 genera of the flora of Ukraine. Isomorphic pubescence is characteristic of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 813.239px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07834);">the most (170 species) cruciferous plants and is represented by simple (120 species), Malpighian (23 species), stellate </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 833.236px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12697);">(23 species), dendroid (3) and fork-shaped (1 species) trichomes. The composition of heteromorphic pubescence </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 853.234px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13085);">is dominated by a combination of simple and fork-shaped hairs: it is observed in 44 species. There are glandular </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 873.231px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10044);">structures in the pubescence of 14 species. The structural diversity of Brassicaceae trichomes correlates, in general, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 893.229px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.16136);">with the temperate continental climate of Ukraine. Species without hairs or pubescent with simple trichomes, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 913.226px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1208);">including those in combination with fork-shaped hairs, are observed in biotopes with sufficient moisture, optimal </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 933.224px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1219);">insolation, and satisfactory soil quality. Species with dense branched trichomes inhabit arid biotopes with intense </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 953.221px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14393);">insolation, insufficient moisture, and poor substrate. In the flora of Ukraine, the evolutionary-phylogenetic line </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 973.219px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09903);">LII included non-pubescent species or those with simple hairs. The cruciferous line LI is characterized by isomorphic </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 993.216px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11297);">and heteromorphic pubescence. In species LIV, heteromorphic pubescence predominates. Glandular structures are </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1013.21px; font-size: 15.8333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07715);">observed in the heteromorphic pubescence of taxa of line LIII.</span></span></span></span></span></p> ER -