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Abstract
Pollen apitherapy has value, because its composition is a mixture of valuable nutrients. Among them there are mineral substances that are the purpose of this study. In this work, macro (K, P, Mg and Ca) and oligo-mineral elements (Mo, S and Zn) were studied by energy dispersive spectrometry in ash Malus domestica Borkh. pollen samples from different ecological and geographical areas – Slovakia (Nitra) and Russia (Moscow). The mass fraction of elements in ashed pollen samples. The main elements in the composition of pollen are potassium (19.96–24.29) and phosphorus (5.54–6.81). Molybdenum and calcium are contained in approximately equal amounts (3.79–4.95) mass % in ash. The proportion of sulfur does not exceed 1.98, zinc 0.57 % mass. In pollen samples from Slovakia, the proportion of potassium and phosphorus is higher by 18 %. In pollen samples from Russia, the proportion of magnesium is higher by 5.8; calcium by 15; sulfur by 28 and zinc by 41 %. The decreasing range of the content of mineral substances in the pollen of the Malus domestica. is determined: К>P>Mg>Mo≥Ca>S>Zn. The coefficient of variation of elements in the ash of pollen samples from Russia ranges from 19.6 % (Mo) to 29.6 % (P), which indicates the relative homogeneity of the data. The average values of the coefficients of variation of pollen collected in Slovakia were found in the elements Zn (23.5 %), Ca (21 %), S (20 %) and K (15 %). Low values of the coefficients of variation are noted for the elements Mg (10 %), Mo (6.9 %) and P (4.5 %). Significant differences in the content of elements in ash are established only for K, Mg and S.The established differences in the coefficients of variation and correlation between the elements in pollen samples from Slovakia and Russia indicate the influence of the ecological-geographical conditions for the growth of apple plants. The results confirm that pollen Malus domestica. can be used as a natural source of minerals.