Lavandula spp. Diversity Assessment by Molecular Markers as a Tool for Growers

Abstract

Lavender is one of the most important medicinal plants. The quality and the therapeutic properties of the essential oil of lavender are determined by the quantity and the biological activity of the individual components. Different lavender varieties often have a characteristic profile, differing in their individual substances, with small differences affecting the aroma and properties of the essential oil. Genetic variation between species and cultivars, as well as environmental conditions, nutrition, season, and type of tissue, all influence the chemical composition of lavender essential oil. The collection of twelve genotypes of Lavandula spp., which includes species of L. angustifolia (Mill.), and Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. were grown in the locality of Malé Leváre (Slovakia). These species, without further specification of varieties, were screened for DNA polymorphism by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Leaf and flower samples were analyzed using 4 universal random decamers. Two decamers (OPB 11 and OPB 18) provided efficient and reproducible amplification profiles. Individual genotypes and leaf and flower samples were characterized using DNA fingerprint cards containing digital electrophoretic profiles generated by random decamer primers and the corresponding image of the lavender genotype. This low-cost and effective approach to genetic diversity screening can provide useful documentation for lavender growers and additional genotype specifications.