Allelopathic Effect of Cucurbitaceae Species on Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars

Abstract

This study investigates the allelopathic interactions between Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) cultivars Podolyanka and Bogdana and several Cucurbitaceae species, including Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita pepo var. Giraumontia Pang., and Cucumis sativus L. The experimental analysis was focused on wheat’s seed germination, root length, and shoot length under the influence of aqueous extracts from these cucurbits. As the result, inhibitory effect was revealed depending on the combination of wheat variety and cucurbit species. The most substantial inhibitory impact was observed with Cucumis sativus on cv. Podolyanka. The aqueous extracts of Cucumis sativus significantly reduced germination percentage and affected early seedling growth, which indicates strong allelopathic effect. Meanwhile, with Cucurbita pepo and its variety Giraumontia variable effects were observed ranging from slight inhibition to no inhibition, depending on the wheat variety. These findings highlight the allelopathic potential of cucurbits and their possible applications in crop management, particularly for weed suppression and optimizing plant growth. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding species-specific allelopathic influences, as these interactions can lead to improved crop rotation and intercropping strategies, ultimately enhancing overall agricultural sustainability. The results of this research can be used to optimize crop performance and develop sustainable agricultural practices that reduce reliance on chemical herbicides. The study provides insights into crop-weed dynamics and serves as a foundation for future research on the allelopathic effects, including the identification of specific allelochemicals responsible for the observed interactions, their modes of action, and their practical applications in agriculture. These results contribute to a broader understanding of plant-plant interactions and offer potential pathways for reducing chemical inputs in farming systems while maintaining productivity and ecological balance.