Antioxidant Activity and Content of Heavy Metals in Cherry Fruit (Prunus avium L.)

Abstract

Cherries are highly valued not only for their appealing taste and nutritional benefits but also for their rich profile of phenolic compounds, which contribute significantly to their potential health-promoting properties. Apart from these beneficial substances, cherries may also accumulate traces of heavy metals, which raises important concerns as these metals pose health risks and may interfere with the beneficial actions of phenolic compounds. This study investigates the total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), and heavy metal contamination (Cd and Pb) in cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits grown across various localities. TPC ranged from 495.7 to 1198 mg GAE.kg⁻¹ FW, and AA varied between 1.85 and 2.99 mmol TE.kg⁻¹ FW, with both parameters significantly impacted by the growing location. Heavy metal analysis showed Cd concentrations exceeding the regulatory limit (0.03 mg.kg⁻¹ FW) in all samples, while Pb levels surpassed the limit (0.10 mg.kg⁻¹ FW) in specific localities. A positive correlation between TPC and AA suggests higher polyphenol levels enhance antioxidant capacity. However, Cd content positively correlated with TPC and AA, whereas Pb exhibited a negative correlation. These findings suggest that environmental factors, including soil and urban pollution, play a crucial role in heavy metal accumulation, which may influence polyphenol synthesis and antioxidant potential. Despite exceeding Cd and Pb limits, the average consumption of cherries is unlikely to pose a significant health risk.