The Phenological phases of development of Cornus florida L. under conditions of introduction in Ukraine

Abstract

Phenological studies do not lose their relevance and are carried out in very different aspects. They are important for monitoring the response of plants to climate changes, the selection of new cultivars of plants, the introduction of new non-traditional fruit crops, agricultural production, etc. According to the BBCH scale, the phenological phases of development of Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood), an ornamental and fruiting plant from the family Cornaceae Bercht. & J. Presl., with useful medicinal, antioxidant, technical, and ecological properties, are codified. In the climatic conditions of Ukraine (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv (NBG)), C. florida plants go through a full cycle of seasonal development. Cornus florida biotypes, according to the BBCH scale, are characterized by eight of the ten principal stages of seasonal development, in particular: the development of buds (BBCH 0), leaves (BBCH 1), shoots (BBCH 3), inflorescence (BBCH 5), flowering (BBCH 6), fruit development (BBCH 7), fruit ripening (BBCH 8) and senescence, beginning of dormancy (BBCH 9). Cornus florida (subgenus Cynoxylon (Raf.) Raf.) differs from species of the subgenus Cornus by the descriptive and diagnostic features of phenophases. The development of C. florida in the NBG in dry 2021 confirmed its adaptive tolerance to seasonal water deficit, both in the region of the native range of the species (central Missouri) and in the experimental conditions of growing introduced plants in China. Cornus florida deserves a wide introduction on the territory of Ukraine.